Forms of nau

To consolidate what we've learned so far, let's see how the rules we've learned so far will let us generate the various forms of the stem nau, which means “boat.”

nau is called prātipadika by rule 1.2.45 (arthavadadhāturapratyayaḥ prātipadikam), so we can add sup endings to it. If we have a verb that expresses kartari prayoga, then we can use prathamā-vibhakti by rule 2.3.46 (prātipadikārthaliṅgaparimāṇavacanamātre prathamā).

Once we have applied these rules, we can create our pada:

  1. nau su̐4.1.2 svaujasamauṭchaṣṭābhyāmbhisṅebhyāmbhyasṅasibhyāmbhyasṅasosāmṅyossup
  2. nau s1.3.2 upadeśe'janunāsika it
    1.3.9 tasya lopaḥ
  3. nau ru̐8.2.66 sasajuṣo ruḥ
  4. nauḥ8.3.15 kharavasānayorvisarjanīyaḥ

The dual is simple:

  1. nau au4.1.2 svaujasamauṭchaṣṭābhyāmbhisṅebhyāmbhyasṅasibhyāmbhyasṅasosāmṅyossup
  2. nāvau6.1.78 eco'yavāyāvaḥ

As is the plural:

  1. nau jas4.1.2 svaujasamauṭchaṣṭābhyāmbhisṅebhyāmbhyasṅasibhyāmbhyasṅasosāmṅyossup
  2. nau as1.3.7 cuṭū
    1.3.9 tasya lopaḥ
  3. nāv as6.1.78 eco'yavāyāvaḥ
  4. nāv a ru̐8.2.66 sasajuṣo ruḥ
  5. nāvaḥ8.3.15 kharavasānayorvisarjanīyaḥ

We select dvitīyā-vibhakti with rule 2.3.2 (karmaṇi dvitīyā) and can follow similar steps to the ones above. We can follow a similar approach for tṛtīyā, caturthī, pañcamī, and ṣaṣṭhī.

The plural of saptamī-vibhakti has a small complication due to ṣatva. We can obtain ṣatva because rule 8.3.59 (ādeśapratyayayoḥ) also includes pratyayas:

  1. nau su4.1.2 svaujasamauṭchaṣṭābhyāmbhisṅebhyāmbhyasṅasibhyāmbhyasṅasosāmṅyossup
  2. nauṣu8.3.59 ādeśapratyayayoḥ

Finally, the condition of sambodhana selects prathamā-vibhakti, which produces the forms we saw above.