Exercises: Primary Suffixes
Vocabulary
From our small stock of words, we will produce many more. Observe these words and understand how they are derived; not all of them will be used in the exercises, but most of them will appear later on in the guide. The ability to guess what verb root a noun comes from (if any) is a valuable skill that will help you greatly as you continue to learn Sanskrit.
Since the -ana suffix is so common and regular, nouns that are formed from it will not be shown. But if the word formed has an unusual or unpredictable meaning, then it will be shown as usual.
- जीव्jīv
- जीवति jīvati
- live
- जीवjīva
- m
- living being; breath of life; jiva
- जीव
- भव्bhav
- भवति bhavati
- be, become, arise
- भावbhāva
- m
- being; state, reality; truth
- संभव्saṃbhav
- संभवति saṃbhavati
- be born, come together
- संभवsaṃbhava
- m
- birth, origin, source
- संभव
- भाव
- शोकśoka
- m
- suffering, sorrow, anguish, grief
- जयjaya
- m
- conquest, victory, triumph
- विजय्vijay
- विजयति vijayati
- vanquish, master, be victorious, be superior
- विजयvijaya
- m
- jaya; a name
- विजय
- संजय्saṃjay
- संजयति saṃjayati
- gain, completely conquer
- संजयsaṃjaya
- m
- jaya; a name
- This word and vijaya are almost identical in meaning to jaya, but the prefixes lend different connotations to the words. vijaya captures a sort of "conquering" or "proactive" victory, and it brings up associations of triumph, plunder, superiority, and might. saṃjaya, however, describes a sort of "total" or "complete" victory. The word focuses more on the act of being victorious than the result of victory.
- jaya; a name
- संजय
- मोहmoha
- m
- delusion, error, loss of awareness
- संमोह्saṃmoh
- संमुह्यति saṃmuhyati
- become perplexed, go astray
- संमोहsaṃmoha
- m
- ignorance, delusion, mental misapprehension
- संमोह
Words from new verb roots
- क्रोध्krodh
- क्रुध्यति krudhyati
- be angry
- क्रोधkrodha
- m
- anger, wrath, rage
- क्रोध
- नन्द्nand
- नन्दति nandati
- rejoice, be delighted
- नन्दnanda
- m
- joy, delight
- आनन्द्ānand
- आनन्दति ānandati
- gladden, bless, be delighted
- आनन्दānanda
- m
- bliss
- आनन्द
- नन्द
Reduction
Below are some nouns derived from the roots we've already studied. Reduce these nouns back to their verb forms. Some of these nouns are made with prefixes.
लाभ
lābha
मान
māna
संतार
saṃtāra
निन्दन
nindana
भग
bhaga
वर्तन
vartana
बोधन
bodhana
स्थान
sthāna
दर्शन
darśana
आदर्श
ādarśa
Translation
Translate from English to Sanskrit.
With his eye, the man sees the bliss of the village.
With ignorance the boy derides the heroes of the city.
I become angry.
You come for a sight of the sun.
Translate from Sanskrit to English.
क्रोधाद् भवति संमोहः
krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ
Answers
Reduction
लभ्
labh
मन्
man
सं-तर्
saṃ-tar
निन्द्
nind
भज्
bhaj
वर्त्
vart
बोध्
bodh
स्था
sthā
दर्श्
darś
आ-दर्श्
ā-darś
Translation
नरो नेत्रेण (नयनेन) ग्रामस्यानन्दं पश्यति
naro netreṇa (nayanena) grāmasyānandaṃ paśyati
बालो संमोहेन नगराणां वीरान् निन्दति
bālo saṃmohena nagarāṇāṃ vīrān nindati
क्रुध्यामि
krudhyāmi
सूर्यस्य दर्शनायागच्छसि
sūryasya darśanāyāgacchasi
From anger comes delusion. Bhagavad Gita 2.63