Exercises: Saṃprasāraṇa

Vocabulary

Words marked with a star ( * ) are derived in ways that we have not discussed yet. And, words marked with question marks (???) are verb roots from classes that we have not studied.

The samprasarana roots

! प्रछ् prach

पृच्छति

pṛcchati

ask [post-ulate]

prach is included in the -a0 class.

यज् yaj

यजति

yajati

worship, adore, honor [hagio-graphy?]

वद् vad

वदति

vadati

speak, say

वाद vāda: m; speech, word, utterance, statement
वदन vadana: n; "act of speaking"; mouth, face (the same as mukha)

वच्

vac

???

speak, talk [voice, vocal, vox]

वचन vacana

"talking" ; speech, statement, utterance

सुवचन suvacana: n; good speech, eloquence
सुवचन suvacana: mfn; speaking well; eloquent

वक्त्र

vaktra

"means of talking"; mouth, face (the same as mukha, vadana)

वस्

vas

वसति

vasati

live, dwell (in), remain (in) [ves-tal, was, were]

The English verb "be" has many different forms, including "am," "are," "is," "be," "been," "was," and "were." These forms come from three different Indo-European roots. Now, "am," "are," and "is" are from a separate verb that we have not studied; but "be" and "been," as we've seen already, come from the same word that gives us bhū. Likewise, "was" and "were" come from the same verb that gives us vas.

स्वप्

svap

???

sleep [sop-orific, somn-olent]

Miscellaneous Words

अन् an

???

breathe, gasp [an-imal, an-imate]

अनीक anīka: mn; face; front; army, forces; This word uses a rare primary suffix without a distinct meaning.

ऊह्

ūh

ऊहति

ūhati

push, thrust, move

व्यूह् vyūh

व्यूहति

vyūhati

arrange, draw up in battle

* व्यूढ vyūḍha: mfn; arranged, made in formation

तदा

tadā

uninflected

then; afterward

चाप

cāpa

arrow

सृज्

sṛj

सृजति

sṛjati

release, let fly, cast, fall, create (the universe)

विसृज् visṛj: विसृजति
visṛjati; shoot; shed, remove

विश्

viś

विशति

viśati

enter (into), settle down [villa, ec-onomy]

उपविश् upaviś: उपविशति
upaviśati; sit down

Producing gerunds

Give the gerund of each of the verb roots below. Give a translation of each gerund, as well.

प्रछ्
prach

When forming the gerund, prach behaves like praś.
यज्
yaj

Use the general rule.
वद्
vad
वच्
vac
स्वप्
svap
गम्
gam
मन्
man
रम्
ram

Translation

Translate from Sanskrit to English.

दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस् तदा ।
आचार्यम् उपसंगम्य वचनम् वदति ॥
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanas tadā ।
ācāryam upasaṃgamya vacanam vadati ॥
एवम् उक्त्वार्जुन उपविशति विसृज्य चापम्
evam uktvārjuna upaviśati visṛjya cāpam
सृष्ट्वा वदति
sṛṣṭvā vadati

Here, sṛṣṭvā is the gerund of sṛj. Its formation follows the rule mentioned in the lesson.

Answers

Producing gerunds

पृष्ट्वा
pṛṣṭvā

having asked
इष्ट्वा
iṣṭvā

having worshipped
उदित्वा
uditvā

having said
उक्त्वा
uktvā

having spoken
सुप्त्वा
suptvā

having slept
गत्वा
gatvā

having gone
मत्वा
matvā

having thought
रत्वा
ratvā

having enjoyed

Translation

Then Duryodhana, having seen the army of the Pandavas arranged and having approached his master, speaks this statement.

Bhagavad Gita 1.2 (adapted)
Having spoken thus, Arjuna sits down, having cast aside his arrow.

Bhagavad Gita 1.47 (adapted)
Having created, he speaks.

Bhagavad Gita 3.9 (adapted)

sṛj has many meanings, but "create" is the one intended here. This fact is clearer in the actual verse, which describes the works and deeds of the lord of beings.