Exercises: Roots like nind and jīv

This is the last exercise page in the guide. It is a comprehensive review of all of the grammar we've studied so far. Much of the lesson vocabulary is featured here too.

Devanagari

Write the expressions below in IAST.

• असतो मा सद्गमय

• स भगवान् सृष्ट्वेदं जगत् तस्य च स्थितिं चिकीर्षुः

• पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदं पूर्नात् पूर्णमुदच्यते

• अक्षराणामकारो ऽस्मि द्वन्द्वः सामासिकस्य च

• विश्वासोपगमादभिन्नगतयः शब्दं सहन्ते मृगाः

• दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम्

• अङ्ग पश्यामि

• वागर्थाविव संपृक्तौ वागर्थप्रतिपत्तये

• अनेकवक्त्रनयनम् अनेकद्भुतदर्शनम्

• तस्माद्वा एतस्मादात्मन आकाशः संभूतः

Matching

Match a word in the left column to its derived form on the right.

Word

Derived Form

araṇa

saundarya

i

amṛtatva

kṛ

upālabha

gam

dharma

gṛ

pautra

candra

anuśāsanam

car

āraṇyaka

dhṛ

vaiyākaraṇa

putra

sūkta

pṝ

candrikā

bhaj

saṃmohaḥ

bhū

sāgara

mṛ

samavetāḥ

muh

supta

yaj

pūrṇam

labh

bobhavīti

vac

vyapagataḥ

śās

yajña

sundara

bhāgavata

svap

anusaṃcaran

Translation (Sanskrit → English)

Translate from Sanskrit to English. These exercises are not from Sanskrit texts.

• हे अर्जुन, स सिंहो बालान् तुदित्वा त्वाम् आगच्छति

  he arjuna, sa siṃho bālān tuditvā tvām āgacchati

• श्वेतवृक्षो वन इव स्थित्वा वैरो ऽर्जुनश् चापस्य शरेण सिंहस्य मुखं तुदति

  śvetavṛkṣo vana iva sthitvā vairo 'rjunaś cāpasya śareṇa siṃhasya mukhaṃ tudati

  sthitvā is the irregular gerund for the verb sthā.

• पत्त्राणि फलानि च लब्ध्वा वयम् नगरं संगच्छामः

  pattrāṇi phalāni ca labdhvā vayam nagaraṃ saṃgacchāmaḥ

• तदावां दृष्ट्वा पुत्राच्चरसि

  tadāvāṃ dṛṣṭvā putrāccarasi

• पुत्राय नरो ग्रामं न गच्छति । नगरं तु गच्छत्य् अश्वाय

  putrāya naro grāmaṃ na gacchati । nagaraṃ tu gacchaty aśvāya

• ताञ् जित्वा नरायाश्वाँल् लभे

  tāñ jitvā narāyāśvām̐l labhe

• बत अर्जुनो जीवतीति मत्वा म्रियते दुर्योधनो योधने

  bata arjuno jīvatīti matvā mriyate duryodhano yodhane

• तस्य जायते क्रोधः स्मृत्वा पुत्रस्य मरणम्

  tasya jāyate krodhaḥ smṛtvā putrasya maraṇam

• हे संजय सुन्दरं तावकेन गजेन गच्छसि

  he saṃjaya sundaraṃ tāvakena gajena gacchasi

• स गजोत्तम एवेति रथे बालो वदति

  sa gajottama eveti rathe bālo vadati

Translation (English → Sanskrit)

Translate from English to Sanskrit. Follow the normal word order. Omit pronouns when their meaning is clear from context. Use tatpurusha compounds where they make sense.

• The hero dies between the trees. (i.e. "in the middle of the two trees.")

• O best of the best of men, I see the chariots of the army.

• From ignorance Duryodhana derides Krishna himself.

• In the blissful city is born our (dual) son.

  (i.e. "full of bliss." Use the -maya suffix.)

• The men of the village adore him.

• And having awakened, he is not confused.

• Like a lion in the forest he walks in the city.

• His face is white like the sky.

  (i.e. "like the white of the sky.")

• Without cause, he has bliss.

  (Use nimitta to form the adverb "without cause.")

• But even he dies in battle.

• They angrily grieve the death of their beloved hero.

  ("angrily" = "with anger," used as an adverb)

• Then, having found bows, they assemble.

Answers

Devanagari

• asato mā sadgamaya

• sa bhagavān sṛṣṭvedaṃ jagat tasya ca sthitiṃ cikīrṣuḥ

• pūrṇamadaḥ pūrṇamidaṃ pūrnāt pūrṇamudacyate

• akṣarāṇāmakāro 'smi dvandvaḥ sāmāsikasya ca

• viśvāsopagamādabhinnagatayaḥ śabdaṃ sahante mṛgāḥ

• dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam

• aṅga paśyāmi

• vāgarthāviva saṃpṛktau vāgarthapratipattaye

• anekavaktranayanam anekadbhutadarśanam

• tasmādvā etasmādātmana ākāśaḥ saṃbhūtaḥ

Matching

Word

Derived Form

araṇa

āraṇyaka

i

amṛtatva

kṛ

vaiyākaraṇa

gam

vyapagataḥ

gṛ

sāgara

candra

candrikā

car

anusaṃcaran

dhṛ

dharma

putra

pautra

pṝ

pūrṇam

bhaj

bhāgavata

bhū

bobhavīti

mṛ

samavetāḥ

muh

saṃmohaḥ

yaj

yajña

labh

upālabha

vac

sūkta

śās

anuśāsanam

sundara

saundarya

svap

supta

Translation (Sanskrit → English)

• Hey Arjuna, that lion is coming to you after striking the boys.

• Standing (up) like a white tree in the forest, Arjuna strikes the lion's mouth with his bow's arrow.

• Then, having seen the two of us, you walk from the master.

• Having obtained leaves and fruits, we go together to the city.

• The man does not go to the village for his son, but he goes to the city for his horse.

• Having conquered them, I obtain horses for the man.

• "Alas, Arjuna lives" — so thinking, Duryodhana dies in battle.

• He becomes angry (literally "Of him is born anger") after remembering the death of his son.

• Hey Sanjaya, you go beautifully with your own elephant (or "that elephant of yours").

• "That's the best of elephants indeed," the boy says in the chariot.

Translation (English → Sanskrit)

• वीरो वृक्षयोर् मध्ये म्रियते

  vīro vṛkṣayor madhye mriyate

• हे पुरुषोत्तम (नरोत्तम), पश्याम्य् अनीकस्य रथान्

  he puruṣottama (narottama), paśyāmy anīkasya rathān

• संमोहाद् दुर्योधनः कृष्णम् एव निन्दति

  saṃmohād duryodhanaḥ kṛṣṇam eva nindati

• आनन्दमयनगरे जायत आवयोः पुत्रः

  ānandamayanagare jāyata āvayoḥ putraḥ

• ग्रामाणां नरास् तं भजन्ति

  grāmāṇāṃ narās taṃ bhajanti

• बुद्ध्वा च न मुह्यति

  buddhvā ca na muhyati

• सिंहो वन इव नगरे चरति

  siṃho vana iva nagare carati

• तस्य मुखं (वदनम्, वक्त्रम्) गगनश्वेत इव

  tasya mukhaṃ (vadanam, vaktram) gaganaśveta iva

• अनिमित्तं तस्यानन्दः

  animittaṃ tasyānandaḥ

• स त्व् एव योधने म्रियते

  sa tv eva yodhane mriyate

• सक्रोधं शोचन्ति प्रियवीर्यस्य मरणम्

  sakrodhaṃ śocanti priyavīryasya maraṇam

• तदा चापानि लब्ध्वा संगच्छन्ति

  tadā cāpāni labdhvā saṃgacchanti