Distant Past Tense 3: vid and ah
The following two roots are almost always used in the distant past tense.
vid
If you've been doing the exercises at the end of each lesson, you might have seen mention of the irregular verb vid, which is veda in the 3rd person. This verb uses the endings from the perfect, and it follows the same vowel change pattern:
But the most important part of this verb is that it is a present tense verb. So, veda means "He knows," not "He knew."
ah
The verb ah still has the normal meaning of the perfect, but it is missing many of its conjugations.
आह आहुःVocabulary
- विद्
- 2P वेद
- know, understand, perceive
- वेद
- knowledge, lore; the Vedas
- ऋग्वेद
- Veda of praise (ṛc)
- सामवेद
- Veda of songs (sāman)
- यजुर्वेद
- Veda of worship and sacrifice (yajus)
- अथर्ववेद
- Veda of the sage Atharvan (atharvan)
- वेदिन्
- mfn
- knowing the Vedas
- वैद्य
- a learned person
- विद्या
- learning, knowledge
- वेदाण्ग
- "the limbs (aṇga) of the Vedas"
Vedāṅga is the term used to refer to the six disciplines necessary to understand the Vedas. You should be able to derive all of these words:
- śikṣā: pronunciation (śak)
- kalpa: ritual (kḷp)
- vyākaraṇa: grammar (vi ā kṛ)
- nirukta: etymology (nis vac)
- chandas: meter (chand)
- jyotiṣa: astronomy (jyut)