Exercises: Case 1

Vocabulary

Most nouns are based on verb roots. But according to tradition, the nouns below do not come from any verb roots at all. In this table, the letter m indicates that the word appears in the masculine gender.

अश्व

aśva

m

horse [equine, equestrian]

गज

gaja

m

elephant

नर

nara

m

man [andro-gen]

बाल

bāla

m

boy

वीर

vīra

m

heroic man, hero [were-wolf, virile]

पुत्र

putra

m

son

Devanagari

Write the sentences below in IAST.

• यद्यपि किल संतरेदिदं वनं तदा तं नमेयम्

• यो वेद परमं स न पुनस् तरति

• ददामि ददामि किं ते ददामि

• तं पपातादयं नरं रामः

• यया कया सेनया तरेत्

• कदा विवृतमिदम्

Translation

Translate from English to Sanskrit. Sanskrit allows you to put the noun wherever you like, but put the noun first in your answers.

• The elephants lead.
• We grieve.
• The elephant finds.
• The son leads.
• The boy goes.
• You are born.
• The men stand.
• The horse pushes.
• The elephants remember.
• The son smiles.
• The boys see.
• The hero lives.
• The men cross (or "overcome").
• The horses suffer.
• The elephants conquer.
• The heroes lose their way.
• The boys obtain.
• I enjoy.
• The horse is born.
• The elephant dies.

Answers

Devanagari

As before, English meanings are provided for your curiosity.

• yadyapi kila saṃtaredidaṃ vanaṃ tadā taṃ nameyam

  And whenever he may cross this forest, I may worship him.

• yo veda paramaṃ sa na punaravatarati

  Whoever knows the highest never crosses down again.

• dadāmi dadāmi kiṃ te dadāmi

  I'll give, I'll give — what will I give to you?

• taṃ papātādayaṃ naraṃ rāmaḥ

  Rama struck the merciless man.

• yayā kayā senayā taret

  He might cross with whatever sort of army

• kadā vivṛtamidam

  When was this uncovered?

Translation

• गजाः नयन्ति

  gajāḥ nayanti

• शोचामः

  śocāmaḥ

• गजः विन्दति

  gajaḥ vindati

• पुत्रः नयति

  putraḥ nayati

• बालः गच्छति

  bālaḥ gacchati

• जायसे

  jāyase

• नराः तिष्ठन्ति

  narāḥ tiṣṭhanti

• अश्वः तुदति

  aśvaḥ tudati

• गजाः स्मरन्ति

  gajāḥ smaranti

• पुत्रः हसति

  putraḥ hasati

• बालाः पश्यन्ति

  bālāḥ paśyanti

• वीरः जीवति

  vīraḥ jīvati

• नराः तरन्ति

  narāḥ taranti

• अश्वाः शोचन्ति

  aśvāḥ śocanti

• गजाः जयन्ति

  gajāḥ jayanti

• वीराः मुह्यन्ति

  vīrāḥ muhyanti

• बालाः लभन्ते

  bālāḥ labhante

• रमे

  rame

• अश्वः जायते

  aśvaḥ jāyate

• गजः म्रियते

  gajaḥ mriyate